Docker快速入门

安装

国内常见云平台

阿里云，腾讯云，华为云（可按小时购买，如果实在是不想花钱，可以自己装个本地虚拟机）

准备工作

CentOS版本：CentOS 7.9

可视化工具：WindTerm下载：https://github.com/kingToolbox/WindTerm/releases/download/2.6.0/WindTerm_2.6.1_Windows_Portable_x86_64.zip

安装命令

# 移除旧版本docker
sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

# 配置docker yum源。
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


# 安装 最新 docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# 启动& 开机启动docker； enable + start 二合一
systemctl enable docker --now

# 配置加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://registry.dockermirror.com"
    ]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

命令

#查看运行中的容器
docker ps
#查看所有容器
docker ps -a
#删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
#搜索镜像
docker search nginx
#下载镜像
docker pull nginx
#下载指定版本镜像
docker pull nginx:1.26.0
#查看所有镜像
docker images
#删除指定id的镜像
docker rmi e784f4560448


#运行一个新容器
docker run nginx
#停止容器
docker stop keen_blackwell
#启动容器
docker start CONTAINERID
#重启容器
docker restart CONTAINERID
#查看容器资源占用情况
docker stats CONTAINERID
#查看容器日志
docker logs CONTAINERID
#删除指定容器
docker rm CONTAINERID
#强制删除指定容器
docker rm -f CONTAINERID
# 后台启动容器
docker run -d --name mynginx nginx
# 后台启动并暴露端口
docker run -d --name mynginx -p 80:80 nginx
# 进入容器内部
docker exec -it mynginx /bin/bash

# 提交容器变化打成一个新的镜像
docker commit -m "update index.html" mynginx mynginx:v1.0
# 保存镜像为指定文件
docker save -o mynginx.tar mynginx:v1.0
# 删除多个镜像
docker rmi bde7d154a67f 94543a6c1aef e784f4560448
# 加载镜像
docker load -i mynginx.tar 


# 登录 docker hub
docker login
# 重新给镜像打标签
docker tag mynginx:v1.0 leifengyang/mynginx:v1.0
# 推送镜像
docker push leifengyang/mynginx:v1.0

存储

两种方式

目录挂载 -v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html
卷映射 -v ngconf:/etc/nginx

docker run -d -p 99:80 \
-v /app/nghtml:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v ngconf:/etc/nginx \
--name app03 \
nginx

网络

创建自定义网络，实现主机名作为稳定域名访问。

Redis主从同步集群

#自定义网络
docker network create mynet
#主节点
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 \
-v /app/rd1:/bitnami/redis/data \
-e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=master \
-e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 \
--network mynet --name redis01 \
bitnami/redis

#从节点
docker run -d -p 6380:6379 \
-v /app/rd2:/bitnami/redis/data \
-e REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE=slave \
-e REDIS_MASTER_HOST=redis01 \
-e REDIS_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER=6379 \
-e REDIS_MASTER_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e REDIS_PASSWORD=123456 \
--network mynet --name redis02 \
bitnami/redis

启动MySQL

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
-v /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /app/mydata:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
mysql:8.0.37-debian

Docker Compose

官方文档(可能需要梯子)：Services top-level elements | Docker Docs

命令式安装

#创建网络
docker network create blog

#启动mysql
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress \
-v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
--restart always --name mysql \
--network blog \
mysql:8.0

#启动wordpress
docker run -d -p 8080:80 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=mysql \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wordpress \
-v wordpress:/var/www/html \
--restart always --name wordpress-app \
--network blog \
wordpress:latest

compose.yaml

name: myblog
services:
  mysql:
    container_name: mysql
    image: mysql:8.0
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - /app/myconf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
    restart: always
    networks:
      - blog

  wordpress:
    image: wordpress
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysql
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: root
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
    volumes:
      - wordpress:/var/www/html
    restart: always
    networks:
      - blog
    depends_on:
      - mysql

volumes:
  mysql-data:
  wordpress:

networks:
  blog:

特性

增量更新
- 修改 Docker Compose 文件。重新启动应用。只会触发修改项的重新启动。
数据不删
- 默认就算down了容器，所有挂载的卷不会被移除。比较安全

Dockerfile

官方文档地址 (可能需要梯子)：Dockerfile reference | Docker Docs

常见命令

常见指令	作用
FROM	指定镜像基础环境
RUN	运行自定义命令
CMD	容器启动命令或者参数
LABEL	自定义标签
EXPROSE	指定暴露端口
ENV	环境变量
ADD	添加文件到镜像
COPY	复制文件到镜像
ENTRYPOINT	容器固定启动命令
VOLUME	数据卷
USER	指定用户和用户组
WORKDIR	指定默认工作目录
ARG	指定构建参数

yaml文件

## 依赖镜像
FROM openjdk:17
## 标注作者
LABEL author=Guest
## 复制目录
COPY app.jar /app.jar
## 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080
##执行命令
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

测试包

在资源里面

基础中间件

#Disable memory paging and swapping performance
sudo swapoff -a

# Edit the sysctl config file
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Add a line to define the desired value
# or change the value if the key exists,
# and then save your changes.
vm.max_map_count=262144

# Reload the kernel parameters using sysctl
sudo sysctl -p

# Verify that the change was applied by checking the value
cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

yaml文件

注意：

将下面文件中 kafka 的 192.168.2.288 改为你自己的服务器IP。
所有容器都做了时间同步，这样容器的时间和linux主机的时间就一致了

准备一个 compose.yaml文件，内容如下：

name: devsoft
services:
  redis:
    image: bitnami/redis:latest
    restart: always
    container_name: redis
    environment:
      - REDIS_PASSWORD=123456
    ports:
      - '6379:6379'
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/bitnami/redis/data
      - redis-conf:/opt/bitnami/redis/mounted-etc
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0.31
    restart: always
    container_name: mysql
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
    ports:
      - '3306:3306'
      - '33060:33060'
    volumes:
      - mysql-conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

  rabbit:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    restart: always
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=rabbit
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=rabbit
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=dev
    volumes:
      - rabbit-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - rabbit-app:/etc/rabbitmq
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
  opensearch-node1:
    image: opensearchproject/opensearch:2.13.0
    container_name: opensearch-node1
    environment:
      - cluster.name=opensearch-cluster # Name the cluster
      - node.name=opensearch-node1 # Name the node that will run in this container
      - discovery.seed_hosts=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes to look for when discovering the cluster
      - cluster.initial_cluster_manager_nodes=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes eligibile to serve as cluster manager
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true # Disable JVM heap memory swapping
      - "OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" # Set min and max JVM heap sizes to at least 50% of system RAM
      - "DISABLE_INSTALL_DEMO_CONFIG=true" # Prevents execution of bundled demo script which installs demo certificates and security configurations to OpenSearch
      - "DISABLE_SECURITY_PLUGIN=true" # Disables Security plugin
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1 # Set memlock to unlimited (no soft or hard limit)
        hard: -1
      nofile:
        soft: 65536 # Maximum number of open files for the opensearch user - set to at least 65536
        hard: 65536
    volumes:
      - opensearch-data1:/usr/share/opensearch/data # Creates volume called opensearch-data1 and mounts it to the container
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - 9200:9200 # REST API
      - 9600:9600 # Performance Analyzer

  opensearch-node2:
    image: opensearchproject/opensearch:2.13.0
    container_name: opensearch-node2
    environment:
      - cluster.name=opensearch-cluster # Name the cluster
      - node.name=opensearch-node2 # Name the node that will run in this container
      - discovery.seed_hosts=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes to look for when discovering the cluster
      - cluster.initial_cluster_manager_nodes=opensearch-node1,opensearch-node2 # Nodes eligibile to serve as cluster manager
      - bootstrap.memory_lock=true # Disable JVM heap memory swapping
      - "OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" # Set min and max JVM heap sizes to at least 50% of system RAM
      - "DISABLE_INSTALL_DEMO_CONFIG=true" # Prevents execution of bundled demo script which installs demo certificates and security configurations to OpenSearch
      - "DISABLE_SECURITY_PLUGIN=true" # Disables Security plugin
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1 # Set memlock to unlimited (no soft or hard limit)
        hard: -1
      nofile:
        soft: 65536 # Maximum number of open files for the opensearch user - set to at least 65536
        hard: 65536
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - opensearch-data2:/usr/share/opensearch/data # Creates volume called opensearch-data2 and mounts it to the container

  opensearch-dashboards:
    image: opensearchproject/opensearch-dashboards:2.13.0
    container_name: opensearch-dashboards
    ports:
      - 5601:5601 # Map host port 5601 to container port 5601
    expose:
      - "5601" # Expose port 5601 for web access to OpenSearch Dashboards
    environment:
      - 'OPENSEARCH_HOSTS=["http://opensearch-node1:9200","http://opensearch-node2:9200"]'
      - "DISABLE_SECURITY_DASHBOARDS_PLUGIN=true" # disables security dashboards plugin in OpenSearch Dashboards
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
  zookeeper:
    image: bitnami/zookeeper:3.9
    container_name: zookeeper
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    volumes:
      - "zookeeper_data:/bitnami"
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    environment:
      - ALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LOGIN=yes

  kafka:
    image: 'bitnami/kafka:3.4'
    container_name: kafka
    restart: always
    hostname: kafka
    ports:
      - '9092:9092'
      - '9094:9094'
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_NODE_ID=0
      - KAFKA_CFG_PROCESS_ROLES=controller,broker
      - KAFKA_CFG_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://:9092,CONTROLLER://:9093,EXTERNAL://0.0.0.0:9094
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092,EXTERNAL://192.168.2.288:9094
      - KAFKA_CFG_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP=CONTROLLER:PLAINTEXT,EXTERNAL:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT
      - KAFKA_CFG_CONTROLLER_QUORUM_VOTERS=0@kafka:9093
      - KAFKA_CFG_CONTROLLER_LISTENER_NAMES=CONTROLLER
      - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
      - "KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS=-Xmx512m -Xms512m"
    volumes:
      - kafka-conf:/bitnami/kafka/config
      - kafka-data:/bitnami/kafka/data
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
  kafka-ui:
    container_name: kafka-ui
    image: provectuslabs/kafka-ui:latest
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    environment:
      DYNAMIC_CONFIG_ENABLED: true
      KAFKA_CLUSTERS_0_NAME: kafka-dev
      KAFKA_CLUSTERS_0_BOOTSTRAPSERVERS: kafka:9092
    volumes:
      - kafkaui-app:/etc/kafkaui
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.1
    container_name: nacos
    ports:
      - 8848:8848
      - 9848:9848
    environment:
      - PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname
      - MODE=standalone
      - JVM_XMX=512m
      - JVM_XMS=512m
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=nacos-mysql
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos_devtest
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=nacos
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=nacos
      - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_PARAM=characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
      - NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_KEY=2222
      - NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_VALUE=2xxx
      - NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN=SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
      - NACOS_AUTH_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - /app/nacos/standalone-logs/:/home/nacos/logs
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    depends_on:
      nacos-mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
  nacos-mysql:
    container_name: nacos-mysql
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile_inline: |
        FROM mysql:8.0.31
        ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/nacos/2.3.2/distribution/conf/mysql-schema.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/nacos-mysql.sql
        RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/nacos-mysql.sql
        EXPOSE 3306
        CMD ["mysqld", "--character-set-server=utf8mb4", "--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci"]
    image: nacos/mysql:8.0.30
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nacos_devtest
      - MYSQL_USER=nacos
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=nacos
      - LANG=C.UTF-8
    volumes:
      - nacos-mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - "13306:3306"
    healthcheck:
      test: [ "CMD", "mysqladmin" ,"ping", "-h", "localhost" ]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 10
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:v2.52.0
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 9090:9090
    volumes:
      - prometheus-data:/prometheus
      - prometheus-conf:/etc/prometheus
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:10.4.2
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

volumes:
  redis-data:
  redis-conf:
  mysql-conf:
  mysql-data:
  rabbit-data:
  rabbit-app:
  opensearch-data1:
  opensearch-data2:
  nacos-mysqldata:
  zookeeper_data:
  kafka-conf:
  kafka-data:
  kafkaui-app:
  prometheus-data:
  prometheus-conf:
  grafana-data:

启动

1
2
3

# 在 compose.yaml 文件所在的目录下执行
docker compose up -d
# 等待启动所有容器

访问

zookeeper可视化工具下载：
- https://github.com/vran-dev/PrettyZoo/releases/download/v2.1.1/prettyZoo-win.zip
redis可视化工具下载：
- https://github.com/qishibo/AnotherRedisDesktopManager/releases/download/v1.6.4/Another-Redis-Desktop-Manager.1.6.4.exe

组件（容器名）	介绍	访问地址	账号/密码	特性
Redis(redis)	k-v 库	你的ip:6379	单密码模式：123456	已开启AOF
MySQL(mysql)	数据库	你的ip:3306	root/123456	默认utf8mb4字符集
Rabbit(rabbit)	消息队列	你的ip:15672	rabbit/rabbit	暴露5672和15672端口
OpenSearch(opensearch-node1/2)	检索引擎	你的ip:9200		内存512mb；两个节点
opensearch-dashboards	search可视化	你的ip:5601
Zookeeper(zookeeper)	分布式协调	你的ip:2181		允许匿名登录
kafka(kafka)	消息队列	你的ip:9092 外部访问:9094		占用内存512mb
kafka-ui(kafka-ui)	kafka可视化	你的ip:8080
nacos(nacos)	注册/配置中心	你的ip:8848	nacos/nacos	持久化数据到MySQL
nacos-mysql(nacos-mysql)	nacos配套数据库	你的ip:13306	root/root
prometheus(prometheus)	时序数据库	你的ip:9090
grafana(grafana)		你的ip:3000	admin/admin